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| Instructions for Authors |
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| European Biology and Bioelectromagnetics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, internationally circulated by means of the Internet, specialising in biological, biochemical, biophysical, epidemiological and clinical research on the interaction of biological systems with electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields with frequencies from zero (DC) to the ionising region. It publishes both experimental and theoretical papers, as well as reviews that offer novel insights into or criticism of concepts of field-organism interactions. The journal also welcomes papers on mechanical or other physical factors that may lead to better understanding of bioelectromagnetic interactions.
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| Manuscripts must be written in clear, correct English. Assistance with English for scientists for whom English is not the first language is given during the editorial process. The journal also publishes review articles, comments and letters. The first two, longer types of manuscripts should be organized into sections appropriate to the material. All types of papers should observe the recommendations for Articles where applicable, e.g., title page, abstract and key words, reference format, etc. Authors should follow the recommendations in CBE Style Manual, 6th Edition (Council of Biology Editors. 1994. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press) the recommendations by the IUPAC and IUB Commissions for nomenclature in abbreviations, and symbols and units of the International System of Units (SI) in reporting quantitative data. When original data have been measured in non-SI units, e.g., inches or feet, use of such units is permissible only if near-equivalent SI units are also given parenthetically. Numbers should be unambiguous concerning significant digits, e.g., use 2.10 x 10^4 rather than 21000. Assemble manuscript in the following order: title page, abstract, text, tables, figure captions, and figures.
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Submission: Manuscripts on any relevant topic must be submitted in the first instance to the Managing Editor, Simon Best, c/o Medcross Ltd, Lower race, Pontypool, Gwent, NP4 5UH.
Four copies should be submitted via first-class or air mail, including an original and three legible copies. Submissions via email, preferably followed by hard copy, are also acceptable via info@ebab.eu.com; see the next section concerning electronic submission. Unless editors advise otherwise, four copies should also be submitted of any subsequent revisions. Double-space all text using one side of the page only and letter quality 10 or 12 point type (12 or 10 characters per inch [2.54 cm]). Use 3 cm (1.25 inch) margins; do NOT justify the right margin. Place the first author's surname and page number in the upper left corner of each page. Begin page numbers with the title page. The final version of the text of an accepted paper should be submitted in both hard copy and on computer diskette in Word format. At present, diskette copies of the final figures are mandatory, and diskettes need to accompany initial versions.
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| Electronic Submission: On an experimental basis, manuscripts may be transmitted electronically to the managing editor as file attachments to electronic mail messages. Hard copy should also be sent; but if editors and reviewers can successfully read files, electronic transmission can speed consideration. However, editors and reviewers have limited time and software; they will disregard incompatible files and use the hard copy version. For best results, text and tables should be in Word, Word Perfect, or RTF format. Tables should be carefully formatted. Authors using the most recently released version of the word processing programs should also if possible send a file in an earlier version. Figures should be separately transmitted as attachments, preferably in GIF or JPEG format. Mpegs are also permitted to illustrate kinetic effects.
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| Data Deposit and Internet Links: The Internet approach allows authors to deposit data tables or files too massive for inclusion in an Article for online access by subscribers. Data to be deposited should be submitted with the original manuscript and are subject to the same peer review and editing as other parts of the manuscript. The Internet site can also incorporate a link in the freely available online abstract to a number of other Internet data banks, including Genome Database (GDB), Protein Databank (PDB), and European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), though not all links can be accommodated. Link requests should also accompany the initial submission of the manuscript. There is presently no charge for data deposit or links. If fees were to be imposed, authors would be asked to choose between assuming them or dropping the deposited data or link.
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| Assurances, Notifications, and Conflicts of Interest: For all reports of work using animals or human subjects, the Methods section must note compliance with the relevant safeguards, noting relevant regulations and oversight committees. European Biology and Bioelectromagnetics seeks to follow the accountability policy enunciated by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (see Davidoff F., et al. 2001. Editorial. N. Engl. J. Med, 345: 825-827). Authors must acknowledge all financial or in kind support of the work from sources outside of their institutions. They must also identify any significant past or present situations that plausibly might affect the ability of any of them to make disinterested scientific judgments related to the work. Such situations are impossible to list fully, but they include past or present employment or affiliation to any activist group; paid or unpaid consulting; substantial financial interest or ownership on the part of an author or a close family member or other personally significant individual; other types of close or adversarial personal or professional relationships; etc. Such situations also include some types of participation or oversight by sponsors in research design, implementation, or publication.
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| Articles report the results of experimental, theoretical, epidemiological, or clinical research. A well-written paper generally will not exceed 10 printed pages, equivalent to approximately 16 double-spaced manuscript pages, excluding title, abstract, figures and tables. Introductory comments and discussion of results should generally be directly relevant to the data being presented. Interpretive statements and speculations should be clearly indicated as such. Conclusions drawn from experimental data should be consistent with experimental uncertainties.
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| Title Page: This page should contain a brief but informative title, the names and complete institutional affiliations of all authors, and the name and address to be used for editorial correspondence and reprint requests. The corresponding author's telephone, fax, and email address should also be included. A short running title and sources of grant, contract, and other major financial support should be placed at the bottom of the title page.
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| Abstract: The abstract must be a factual condensation of the entire work, including in the case of experimental studies, a clear description of primary variables and major findings. In one paragraph of not more than approximately 200 words (about one double spaced manuscript page), provide a concise summary of approach, data or theory, and conclusions.
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| Key Words: At the bottom of the abstract page, include 3-5 words or short phrases that capture the subject matter of the manuscript for use in the annual Subject Index. Do not repeat words already used in the title.
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| Text: Use a format appropriate to the material, which will generally include, in the following order, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions (can be combined with Discussion), Acknowledgments (if necessary), References, and Appendices (if any). Sources of grant and contract funding are identified on the title page. Required assurances and notifications (see above) appear in the Methods section. Assistance from others should be mentioned in the Acknowledgment section.
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References |
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EndNote is a software product that we recommend to authors to help simplify and streamline the research process. Using EndNote's bibliographic management tools, you can search bibliographic databases, build and organize your reference collection, and then instantly output your bibliography in any Wiley journal style.
Learn more about EndNote, or purchase your own copy. If you already use EndNote, you can download the reference style for this journal. For assistance using EndNote, visit www.endnote.com/support.
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| Within the text, cite references by author and year of publication in parentheses; for more than two authors, use only the first two authors' surnames with "et al." If an author has two or more reports during a given year of publication, identify them with letter suffixes to the year of publication (e.g., Doe, 1995a, b). Reference to reports that are nonarchival or limited in circulation, e.g., conference abstracts or laboratory, company, or government agency reports, is discouraged because they are often difficult to obtain generally lack formal peer review. Similarly, references to personal communications or unpublished manuscripts are discouraged, but if used, permission from the author of the communication must be obtained. These citations are incorporated into the text in brackets [ ]. The list of references must be double spaced in alphabetical order. Abbreviate names of journals in accordance with the style of Index Medicus.
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| Note the following examples:
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Cohen HD, Graham C, Cook MR, Phelphs JW. 1992. ELF exposure facility for human testing. Bioelectromagnetics 13:169-182.
Lin JC. 1978. Microwave Auditory Effects and Applications. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.
McLee BD, Finch ED. 1973. Analysis of reported physiological effects of microwave radiation. In Lawrence JH, Goffman JR (eds): Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Vol. 14. New York: Academic Press, pp 163-223.
Wilkinson GR, Shand DG. 1975. Commentary: A physiological approach to hepatic drug clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 18:377-390.
References to Internet resources parallel the print format whenever possible. If print publications also are available on the Internet, authors are encouraged to add the Internet citation. For example:
WHO International EMF Project. [undated]. Agenda for Research [Internet]. Geneva (CH): World Health Organization. Available from:http://www.who.int/peh-emf/research_agenda/agenda_intro [Last updated 14 March 2002]
Testylier G, Tonduli L, Malabiau R, Debouzy JC. 2002. Effects of exposure to low level radiofrequency fields on acetylcholine release in hippocampus of freely moving rats. Bioelectromagnetics 23:249-255.
Available from:www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext?ID=92013984&PLACEBO=IE.pdf (subscription required)
For further information, see Patrias K. 2001. National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation. Supplement: Internet Formats. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), 106 pp. Available from:www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/formats/internet.pdf
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| Tables: Compose each table, double spaced, on a separate page. Tables are given Arabic numbers in order of appearance and must be keyed to the text. Each table must have a self-explanatory title; additional explanatory information should be placed in footnotes, placed below the body of the table, to the title, column headings and entries. Use symbols (asterisk, dagger, etc.) or lower case Roman letters for footnotes, rather than numerals.
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| Figures: should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals and be keyed to the text. Name of first author, figure number, and an arrow indicating orientation should be typed on a gummed label and affixed to the back of each illustration. Line drawings and computer generated figures must be of high quality; submit either the original drawing or a high contrast glossy print. Lines and lettering must be large and dense enough (minima of 1 point line width, 12 point bold face lettering) to be legible after the figure is reduced to one column width (8.25 cm or 3.25 inches). We encourage submitting original figures of this width. Photographs, including photomicrographs, must be high contrast glossy prints. Magnification factors must be provided when appropriate; they should be indicated by a calibration bar in the figure. If color plates are necessary, the extra costs involved must be assumed by the authors.
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| Captions and Legends: Descriptive figure captions and legends must accompany illustrations. Captions should be typed, double spaced, on a separate page or pages of the manuscript. A figure and its caption should convey a clear message without asking the reader to scan the text, but should rely on the text for details beyond the basic information needed to convey the message and should not repeat information already in the figure itself. All special abbreviations and symbols should be defined by legends in a figure or by the caption.
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| Brief Communications: Short, but complete reports of novel experimental findings or theories are solicited, and the editors will attempt to secure reviews with a minimum of delay and to speed publication. Manuscripts should be limited to 5 double-spaced pages of text and a maximum of two figures and/or tables. Do not include section headings. The abstract should be kept to a few lines, and only essential references should be included.
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| Comments: The journal welcomes short comments that address specific scientific research issues raised by papers published in European Biology and Bioelectromagnetics. All comments will be reviewed for scientific content and appropriateness in furthering the goals of eliminating errors and enhancing understanding of published research. These can also be discussed on our online forum www.likeme.org.uk Comments that are accepted will be published in as timely a manner as possible, accompanied if appropriate by a reply from the original author(s). Comments should be no longer than one printed page, including figures and references (about 400 words or 2 double spaced pages, less space for figures). Authors with longer submissions should use the Brief Communication or Article formats. Please submit all comments directly to the Managing Editor.
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| OTHER INFORMATION: All manuscripts submitted to European Biology and Bioelectromagnetics must be under consideration solely by this journal, may not have been published in any part or form in any other publication of any type, professional or lay. The journal presumes that all authors have approved the submitted manuscript. Manuscripts, though not their contents, become the property of the journal. Authors must secure permission to republish any copyrighted material. Upon acceptance of a manuscript for publication the author will be requested to sign an agreement transferring copyright to the publisher, which reserves copyright. No material published in European Biology and Bioelectromagnetics may be reproduced or published elsewhere without the written permission of the publisher and the author. Should possible scientific misconduct or dishonesty in research submitted for review by the journal be suspected or alleged, the journal reserves the right to forward any submitted manuscript to the sponsoring or funding institution or other appropriate authority for investigation. The journal recognizes the responsibility to ensure that the question is appropriately pursued, but does not undertake the actual investigation or make determinations of misconduct.
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